XXIV. XIV. His son, emperor Gelawedwos, took over the power; thus, gran was killed in 1543. Designated "King" (not Emperor) by the Derg while out of the country, List of governors-general of Italian East Africa, "Emperor is Crowned in Regal Splendor at African Capital", "Ethiopian Crown Prince Hears News of Succession on Radio", "Funeral brings the royals back to Ethiopia", "Ethiopia's Military Government Abolishes Monarchy and Titles", "CHAMBER CONFIRMS EMPIRE FOR ITALY; Cheers for Army and Duce Mark Session Ratifying Ethiopia's Annexation", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia&oldid=1151969938, Very little information; identity unascertained, Very little information; likely Kedus Harbe, Possibly the illegitimate son of Iyasu II, This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 10:21. Among the churches, Bete Giyorgis is the most famous. Adhana I (Queen) 5 5874 374 XX. Kostantinos 28 6065 565 XXIII. XXX. X. Saifa Ared 28 6855 1355 Commander of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia VIII. Assa 30 2071 3429 XXVIII. Amoy Mahasse 5 5465 35 I am very glad that you have asked me about the history of Abyssinia. Deposed by nobility with the sanction of the. Suhal 4 5902 402 It was the second-to-last country in Africa to use the title of emperor, as after it came the short-lived Central African Empire, which lasted between 1976 and 1979 under Emperor Bokassa I. In 1862 Tewodros offered Britain 's Queen Victoria an alliance to destroy Islam. Even when the Zagwe dynasty had lasted for about three centuries and a half, its strength was too small compared to the Solomonic dynasty. Kaleb ( Ge'ez: ), also known as Saint Elesbaan, was King of Aksum, which was situated in modern-day Eritrea and Ethiopia . LII. II. Emperor Haile Selassie I], XII. Wededem 10 6295 795 Wedma Ared 15 6797 1297 Saloug 30 1799 3701 Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Menelik II, Sahl Mariam, Sahle Maryam, Sahle Miriam, Former Director of General Studies, University of Benin, Nigeria. Between 1896 and 1906 Ethiopia expanded to its present size, taking in the highlands, the key river systems, and a buffer of low-lying zones around the states central core. At the other extreme, others (mostly interested non-Ethiopians) understand this as an expression of propaganda, attempting to connect the legitimacy of the state to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. He was determined to make Ethiopia a Muslim country and redress the injustice in Muslim society. XV. Interpretations of this claim vary widely. Sebi III (Kefe) 15 4062 1438 Talatam 21 6267 767 Such measures gave heart to the regional aristocrats, who returned to rebellion. XXX. X. Yostos 4 7211 1711 Of the posterity of Mara Takla Haymanot (whose regnal name was Zagwe) until the reign of Harbay 11 sovereigns reigned over Ethiopia; 268 sovereigns in all. XXXII. Atserk Amen V 10 5148 352 XVI. Then came Tewodros II with a deep burning desire to unify the nation under one rule and return its greatness. Amey II 1 5931 431 The Seleucids, a contending dynasty for Alexander's legacy, attempted to advance into India in 305 bce. Armah Dawit 14 5964 464 Piori I 15 3515 1985. XIV. XIV. Galawdewos 19 7051 1551 On 9 May 1936, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy proclaimed himself emperor of Ethiopia, replacing Haile Selassie. But later he was defeated by Libne Dingel. Nalke 5 5480 20 Senuka II 10 4092 1408 277 lessons. Their tenuous pretensions to succession, based on a legendary marriage to a daughter of one of the last Aksumite kings, the line they deposed, was subsequently confirmed by the church; in return for its . Tafari Makonnen, G.C.B.. Horemtaku 2 5540 40 Minas 4 7055 1555. XXII. That meant that products going between the Middle East/Mediterranean and India/China passed through Axum. II. XXXV. Yoab 10 5928 428 Ras Makonnen, now H.I.M. XLI. Emperor of EthiopiaAmda Seyon I is most-famous in his chronicles as a valiant warrior against the Muslims and is often regarded as founder of the Ethiopian state. The crown name Menilek II was significant: Menilek I was the legendary son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (Makeda). Amen Asero 16 4857 643 XLII. Atsgaba Seifa Arad 6 5753 253 XVI. Amda Tseyon 30 6827 1327 VIII. From the Deluge until Bassyo 7 5175 325 Following this began the time known among Ethiopian Historians as Zemene Mesafint (the era of warlords). Fifteen years after Atse (emperor) Lebna Dengel came to the throne Gran devasted Ethiopia for fifteen years. V. Sahle 14 5865 365 Amen Emhat I 40 3944 1556 V. Kedme Asagad 1 6780 1280 From roughly the 10th through 13th centuries, most of Ethiopia was under the rule of the Zagwe dynasty. X. ELEVATION TO THE THRONE OF ATSE (EMPEROR) LEBNA DENGEL, AND THE INVASION OF ETHIOPIA BY GRAN. XX. Joas 1818-21 The Italian version of Article XVII of the Treaty of Wichale made Rome the medium for Ethiopias foreign relations, whereas the Amharic text was noncommittal. Ramhay Arkamen IV 10 5278 222 XI. XXXIII. Updates? Nacuto Laab 40 6713 1213 Amen II 15 3480 2020 From Ori to Takla Giyorgis the total is 312 sovereigns. Thus, in the treaty of commerce signed between the United States and Ethiopia in June 1914, the ruler of Ethiopia is referred to as "His Royal Highness, Prince Lidj Yassou". Great Britain sent its Navier expedition to rescue the British prisoners. The region of Ethiopia saw the rise and fall of several smaller kingdoms over the centuries, but the rise of the first truly great empire began around the year 1st century CE in the Ethiopian city of Axum. Nuatmeawn 4 4829 671 Nicotnis Kandake V 10 5475 25 Jan Asagad 1 6781 1281 African Origin of the Olympics: The Black Greeks, Moorish Kings of England: King James VI and I of Scotland and England 1566 1625 and his daughter, The Jews, the Hebrews and the Israelites: Not Your Same Old Same Old By Bishop, Black Arab Kuwaitis and White Arabized Kuwaitis, Charlemagne, the Moor and the Negrito Royalty of the Holy Roman Empire Marc Washingtons Perspectives, African Roots of Famous Euro-American Families, JENdA: A Journal of African Women Studies & Culture. Eventually, Ethiopian history had indicated that king Kaleb eventuallyabdicatedhis throne, gave his crown to theChurch of the Holy SepulchreatJerusalem, and retired to amonastery. VI. He was deposed by the Derg, the committee of lower-ranking military and police officials on September 12, 1974. The negus is referred to as Al-Najashi () in the Islamic tradition. Sabe I 30 3415 2085 Tsawi 15 3959 1541 VII. Dawit 30 6895 1395 After this Jen Daraba, favourite of the Queen of Ethiopia, Garsemat Kandake (ed. Bonu I 8 3825 1675 L. 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Zara Yaqob was a descendant of the Solomonic dynasty. LI. Thus, the Muslim movement had external help from the Turkish, the Ethiopian kingdom had slight support from the Portuguese government. : From A.D. 30 to A.D. 38) had been christianised by the Apostle Saint Matthew. Negus (Ge'ez: , ngue [ngue]; cf. Menelik's successors ruled the country until the military coup in 1974. The Italian lines crumbled, and at noon retreat was sounded. Piyankihi IV (Awtet) 34 4891 609 Frumentius was a loyal individual, so he stayed and kept the kingdom running. XVII. Author of. VERY interesting info. Eylouka (Queen) 45 1769 3731 I hope that your thoughts should be successful in future., Written on the 11th day of Sane, 1914 at the town of Addis Ababa, Name of Soveriegn Length of Reign Year of the World Before Christ Ori (or Aram) II 30 3889 1611 XXIII. Later some time, a monk located around the region of Lake Hayq called Yasus Moa highly influenced Yekune Amlake into conquering the throne. XXXI. XI. Challenge, revival, and decline (16th19th century), The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (191674), Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy, Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression, Challenges, ethnic tensions, and the Tigrayan conflict, 2021 elections, Tigrayan rebel advance, and expansion of fighting. Senefrou 20 1466 4034 Makaws 70 2041 3459 [4] Another tradition, recorded by historian Thomas Pakenham, states that this practice predates the Zagwe dynasty (which ruled from c.900 AD), and was first practiced on Debre Damo, which was captured by the 10th-century queen Yodit or "Gudit", who then isolated 200 princes there to death; however, Pakenham also notes that when questioned, the abbot of the monastery on Debre Damo knew of no such tale. VII. When Tafari Makonnen became Emperor of Ethiopia as Haile Selassie I, Menen Asfaw was crowned as Empress at his side. XVI. VIII. XXXIV. ALaly Bagamay 7 5662 162 VI. The latter (the Queens favourite), on his return to his country, taught by word of mouth the coming of our Saviour Jesus Christ and baptised them. XIX. [5] Tsegay Beze Wark 4 5712 212 For legendary and archeologically unverified rulers of Ethiopian tradition, see List of legendary monarchs of Ethiopia. Rastafarians regard Haile Selassie I as God because the ascension of Haile Selassie into power quickly followed Marcus Garveys prophecy that says: Look to Africa where a black king shall be crowned, he shall be the Redeemer.. LV. Kedus Arbe (samt) 40 6633 1133 III. Agba 6 mo of Adgale + 6 mo 5605 105 Johannes III 1840-41 Amen Astate 30 4344 1156 Dedem 5 6285 785 XLVII. XXXII. He was the youngest son of Dawit I and his youngest wife, Igazi Kebra during 1399 at Telq in the province of Fatajar. Handu Wuha Abra 11 4969 531 Konsi Hendawi 5 4045 1455 Although Tewodross first years were marked by attempts at social reform, his effort to establish garrisons nationwide lost the allegiance of the already heavily taxed peasantry, and he alienated parish clergy by converting excess church land to military and secular tenure. IX. Libne Dingel suffered through the aftermath of grans invasion; thus, his faith was frequently tasted. Etiypus II 30 3800 1700 XII. Riti 1 5875 375 Amharic ngus, from Geez nga nagat king of kings. Claimed the Solomonic lineage through his mother. Iskender 16 6986 1486 Amharic: negus [negus]) is the word for "king" in the Ethiopian Semitic languages and a title[1] which was usually bestowed upon a regional ruler by the Negusa Nagast, or "king of kings,"[2] in pre-1974 Ethiopia. XXVII. III. II. The West African nation of Ethiopia has a distinguished history. Sahle Selassie, a notedAmharanoble ofEthiopia,was proclaimed Rasand Meridazmach of Shewa in a turn-of-events following murder of his father Wossen Seged, aMeridazmach ofShewa. Bakaffa 9 7225 1725 Akawsis Kandake III (Queen) 10 5185 315 Also claimed the Zagwe lineage through his father. Zauditu (Empress) & I. Yekuno Amlak 15 6768 1268 In 1516, both Muslim and Christian people lived in the country, Emir Mahfouz Haran invaded Ethiopia. Known as one of the most influential emperors of Ethiopia, Yohannes IV spent most of his reign in conflict with invaders from Egypt, Italy, and Sudan. In 1270, Yekuno Amlak overthrew the Zagwe rulers and reclaimed descendant from the emperors of Axum, and therefore Menelik I. Yekuno Amlak claimed that he could directly trace his ancestry back to Dil Na'od, the last Axumite king. XVI. XXVI. Pinotsem II 41 4427 1073 G.C.M.G., L.L.D. XLIII. As history indicates, Fasil began building the castle to change the lifestyle more like a semi-nomadic way of living. Solomon 2 7274 1774 A National Geographic article from 1965 called imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact [it was] a benevolent autocracy".[1]. Pinotsem I 17 4386 1114 Sanuka III 5 4274 1226 XXXII. LI. Massaherta 16 4443 1057 [Thus concludes the List of Ethiopian Kings forwarded by H.I.H. June 19, 1922 Published in: In The Country of The Blue Nile by C.F. Amen Emhat II 5 4259 1241 He inspired the Rastafari movement, too. VIII. LIV. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. [3][4], Negus. XI. The emperors of Ethiopia derived their right to rule based on two dynastic claims: their descent from the kings of Axum, and their descent from Menelik I, the son of Solomon and Makeda, Queen of Sheba. LII. Two subsequent casualties of the affair were the Ethiopian Prince Alemayehu and the British soldier John Kirkham. X. Mayrari 15 6745 1245 V. Fasil 35 7162 1662 Abreha III 10 5912 412 BBC News Forty years ago Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was overthrown. Amey 15 5896 396 On the death of a monarch any male or female blood relative of the emperor could claim succession to the throne: sons, brothers, daughters and nephews all inherited at times. Iyasu was born on February 4, 1897, in Wello from his mother, Weyzero Shoaregga. Zagun Tsion Hegez 5 5697 197 XV. Italian successes in the war caused the emperor Haile Selassie to be voted into exile by his nobles in 1936; he pled Ethiopia's case against Italy before the League of Nations, but aid from the League was not forthcoming. XVIII. Kaleb was the king of Axum, who had various names based on the victory and his entitlements, Hellesthaeus, Ellastheaeus, Elesbaan, Ellesboas, and Elesboem. 1935-1941 - Italy deposes Emperor Haile Selassie and annexes Ethiopia, before being driven out by British, Commonwealth and Ethiopian forces. Sahala Dengel 1832-40 Tewodros II of Ethiopia reigned as the Emperor of Ethiopia from 11 February 1855 until his demise on 13 April 1868. After Adwa, Menileks Ethiopia was at once accepted by the European powers as a real political force. 1868 - Tewodros defeated by a. Pazena Ezana 7 5993 493. XL. Galawdewos ( Ge'ez: , 1521/1522 - 23 March 1559) also known as Mar Gelawdewos [3] ( Amharic: ), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 3 September 1540 until his death in 1559, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. Sulay Kawawmenun 20 5343 157 Rakhu 30 3385 2115 Zagwe dynasty, also spelled Zague, line of 12th- and 13th-century Ethiopian kings who combined a nomadic military life with an impassioned desire to build monuments to their Christian religion. Sousel Atozanis 20 3465 2035 XII. Degennajam 19 6349 849 Elalion Taake 10 5108 392 Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, has since been the seat of the headquarters of the OAU and AU, being referred to as the Capital of Africa. Emperor Tewodros committed suicide, realizing his hopeless position. X Serada 16 5621 121 Agbea Tsion After the Allied powers formally protested, the Shewan aristocrats met, accused Iyasu of apostasy and subversion, and deposed him on September 27, 1916. Hadawz 4 months XLIV. Akaptah Tsenfa Ared 8 5538 38 Italy was defeated and Selassie restored to the throne, with most combat in Ethiopia ending in 1941. VIII. Kout (son of the preceding) 50 2915 2585 XXIV. He was a courageous leader who resisted the force of Egypt, Italy, and Sudan for quite some time. Mandes 17 3986 1514 Iyasu is chromatically uncrowned but inherited the power through his ancestors, even though he made a bit confusing move by changing his religion to Islam after his visit to dire Dawa in 1916 and his stay in Harar, which led to adopting the Muslim costumes and dress. After Menelik, all monarchs were of distaff descent from Solomonics. Menilek contracted with a French company to construct a railway between Addis Ababa and Djibouti, which thus spurred the exploitation of the countrys produce by foreign merchants in cooperation with the ruling elites. Sabea Asagad 1 6782 1282 His name means "Clemency of the Trinity." A member of the Amhara royal family, Sahle Selassie ruled the feudal, semi-independent kingdom of Shewa after his . Practice favoured primogeniture (first-born child ascending to the throne) but did not always enforce it. According to history, the former dynasty before the foundation of the Zagwe dynasty by Mera Tekilehimano was the Axumite emperor Dil Naod. Nakehte Kalnis 40 3610 1871 Many plays, books, songs, and art works have been influenced by the life of Tewodros II of Ethiopia. XVI. Tsegab 10 5789 289 Tewodros II of Ethiopia reigned as the Emperor of Ethiopia from 11 February 1855 until his demise on 13 April 1868. Atserk Amen IV 10 5128 372 An old priest reviewed him as Kaleb was a man of Lasta, and his palace was a bugna where it is known that Gebre Mesqel Lalibela had later established his center. Thus, many kings stand out for their courageous and bold moves as if Ezana stands out for being the first Christian monarch. Amen Hotep Zagdur 31 4601 899 XXI. XX. Zeenabzamin 58 1524 3976 Yohannes IV defeated an invading Egyptian army in modern day Eritrea and gave his life to end the Mahdist threat to Ethiopia. V. Gariak II 60 1306 4194 Aglbul 8 5430 70 Arkamen II 10 5195 305 The emperor Tewodros spent his youth fighting with invading Ottoman Egyptians (termed 'Turks' by the Ethiopians), then unifying the empire after the dark age of the 'Zemene Mesafint' (Era of the Princes). Ahywa Sofya (Queen) 7 5806 306. XXI. VII. In 1963, the emperor convoked the first meeting of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), later to become the African Union. His mother was a court servant who married Haile Malakot shortly after Sahle Mariam was born. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. XIV. He is also known as Malak Seged III. XXII. For five years (1936-41) Ethiopia was joined to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland to form Italian East Africa. Hanyon I 4544 956 Some (including many inside Ethiopia) accept it as evident fact. Upon the emperors death in 1913, Iyasu took power in his own right. XXII. Menileks father was Haile Malakot, later negus (king) of Shewa. Susenyos was an Ethiopian king born around 1572 in Gojjam, Ethiopia. Luzay 12 5492 8 Most archeologists agree that this region is the birthplace of humanity, based on fossil evidence of our most ancient ancestors. Emperor Haile Selassie I, the last Ethiopian monarch, would end the 3,000 years odyssey of the Solomonic dynasty through ashes and rubles. Takla Haymanot 8 7272 1772 By 1974, Ethiopia was one of only three countries in the world to have the title of emperor for its head of state, together with Japan and Iran. Fere Sanay 23 6103 603 The British were in search of their subjects, who Tewodros imprisoned. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). IV. Edem Asagad. Kings of Aksum and Dmt are listed separately due to numerous gaps and large flexibility in chronology. The Zagwe kings claimed the last Axumite king, Dil Na'od, had married his daughter to Mara Takla Haymanot, founder of their dynasty. Greetings and thanx to the one and only Creator of HOLY MOUNT ZION . Wal Wal was located 50 miles inside Ethiopia. XIV. XXIV. Iyoas 15 7264 1764 XV. XIII. XXVIII. Gasiyo Eskikatir In 1270 CE, the Zagwe rulers were overthrown and Ethiopia was reconsolidated under the leadership of a new ruler, Yekuno Amlak. XI. Garsemot Kandake VI 10 5550 50 It is by Sophonias Woldu | Feb 19, 2023 | Biography, Ethiopian History. XLII. XXV. The steles were written in Greek, Sabaean, and Geez. It was under the Solomonic emperors that the formal Ethiopian Empire would be founded. XXXIX. The conservative wing of the society had always been a challenge for this emperor. Create your account. XXIII. Of the valley nobility, he claimed paternal descent from Emperor Fasilides, by way of one of the aforementioned emperor's daughters. 150 Ethiopians were killed, and two Italians were killed . HIM Haile Selassie I 1930-1974. Ezana contributed a lot by spreading artistic representation of Christianity to the country, such as the ark of the ten commandments given to Moses by God and built a collection of about 50 steles located around the northern edge of Aksum, with the highest height of 24m (78.74ft). Safelya Sabakon 31 5000 500 Nimroud 60 1724 3776 Gigar (again) 1826-30 Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. His claim to the throne was also helped by his marriage to that king's daughter, even though Ethiopians commonly do not acknowledge claims from the distaff side. LXVII. There were few men who did not believe, for they had heard the words of the gospel. Lakniduga 25 3320 2180 XXIII. The Fasil Ghebbi ( Amharic: ) is a fortress located in Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Hakabe Nasohi Tsiyon 6 5631 131 Abreha II 7 months Akate (Za Sagado) IV 20 4244 1256 Nikawla Kandat (Queen) 10 5168 332 IV. Nagash Zare XXI. Tsebah Mahana Kristos 3 5936 436 I. Sartsa Dengel 34 7089 1589 But its safe to say Susenyos was also interested in the religion; thus, he lastly made his final decision to accept catholicism in 1622. XLVII. Lakndun Nowarari 30 3730 1770 Early in the subsequent campaigns, Haile Malakot died, and Sahle Mariam was captured and taken to the emperor's mountain stronghold, Amba Magdela. From this auspicious start, Ethiopia continued to grow as a major world power. IV. Baeda Maryam III 1826 Gabra Maskal 14 6037 537 Emperor Yohannes' death led to a period of political turmoil in Ethiopia. XIII. XVII. Tafari Makonnen Fasilides, also known as Alam Sagad, was a 17th-century emperor of Ethiopia who belonged to the Solomonic dynasty. Her Hator (Za Sagado) III 1 4224 1276 Dawit 5 7216 1716 VI. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Amda Tseyon 1 6987 1487 Sahala Dengel (again) 1841-55. The death of the Emperor caused a period of political turmoil in Ethiopia. The Muslim army broke, leaving the field and north-central Ethiopia to the Christians. Nicauta Kandae (Queen) 10 4770 730 III. Alameda 8 5986 486 Agalbus Sepekos 22 5022 478 Early in the subsequent campaigns, Haile Malakot died, and Sahle Mariam was captured and taken to the emperors mountain stronghold, Amba Magdela. (Regent & Heir) 1916 XXV. XIV. He later became the governor of Shewa and an advisor to his nephew, Menelik II, or Sahle Maryam, the emperor of Ethiopia. XXVI. Kfr had successful campaigns in Syria and the Hejaz. Learning that Rome had used the mistranslation to claim a protectorate over all of Ethiopia, Menilek first sought a diplomatic solution; meanwhile, during 189193 he sent expeditions south and east to obtain gold, ivory, musk, coffee, hides, and slaves to trade for modern weapons and munitions. When we talk about the ancient history of Ethiopia (just consult the mapping of the events: Yeha, Axum, Dogali, Adwa, etc ) we refer to the specific history of the plateau of Ethiopia in North regions, that also included the territory today Eritrea (This during colonialism ceded to the Italians first, to the British after, to preserve the kingdom despite resistance) Miamur 2 days XVIII. VI. V. Asfeh VI. Aided by rebellious warlords, the British force attacked Tewodros II at Magdala. XIII. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. I. Mara Takla Haymanot (His regnal name was Zagwe) 13 6433 933 Dawit II 10 5422 78 XII. Rome believed that as few as 35,000 soldiers could control Ethiopia, but it was proved wrong on March 1, 1896, at the Battle of Adwa, where Gen. Oreste Baratieri led 14,500 Italian troops on a poorly organized attack against Menileks well-armed host of some 100,000 fighters.