In XML, an XML stylesheet declaration is used to define style rules. Difference is that, here we have closed both the tags properly. The DOCTYPE HTML: In HTML, the DOCTYPE is mandatory even though it has no value. While in principle, just HTML is leaner and cleaner, the reality is it makes a bunch of assumptions. It means you need to explicitly state the attribute and its value. This is an XHTML document with a minimum of required tags: Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is valid for the input types including: date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number and range types, and the element. When you validated this page , the validator would reject the page as not well formed XHTML . Some input types have a default minimum. The following attributes are involved: compact, nowrap, ismap, declare, noshade, checked, Enable JavaScript to view data. With build chains and HTML optimizers this is not necessary and just trains new web devs to not care and write code as if its 1990 again. Otherwise your document is assumed as an incorrect XHTML document. one missing element to mention is the hard hierarchy of a xhtml page through the code structure. The value 8 is not valid. While retaining these beneficial features, XML removes many of the more complex features of SGML that make the authoring and design of suitable software both difficult and costly. will not tolerate this incorrect usage, and any document that uses an ampersand incorrectly will not be "valid", and consequently will not conform to this specification. Optional closing slashes, quotes, etc. WebAttribute Minimization XHTML does not allow attribute minimization. This is correct: Use both xml:lang and the HTML lang attribute if you also want to be able to process the document on HTML processors. The XHTML family is designed to accommodate these extensions through XHTML modules and techniques for developing new XHTML-conforming modules (described in the XHTML Yes. We shouldnt forget those. Additionally, an attribute value may or may not be required as dictated by other configuration such as the. found on the Working Group's patent disclosure page. Include a space before the trailing / and > of empty elements, e.g. Finally, HTMLHTML not XHTMLHTML also allows to minimize attributes. Here is an example showing valid and invalid ways of using tags . The semantics of the elements and their attributes are therefore may not render the document as expected. identifiers on the elements listed above. XML. Consider this case: Its not intuitive what the result should be. Oof. My code still validated perfectly. If you set disabled="SOMETHING", your input will be disabled. The only way to do what you want is to not put the disabled attributes in your form. If you use the lang attribute in an element, you must also add the xml:lang attribute, like this: All XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. Closing empty tags. Youre introducing possible fail-points in your HTML, making maintainability a potential issue. These DTDs and entity sets form a normative part of this specification. maximum forward and backward compatibility (e.g., ). These are personal syntax preferences presented as best practices, and that theme runs through the supporting articles. Nor does it define the meaning of the Internet Media Type text/html. const input = document.querySelector('input'); console.log(input.getAttribute('value')); // Hello console.log(input.value); // Hello Then again, for many sites it may be questionable whether its worth the complication of adding the tool, given the near-zero performance benefit of minifying HTML. needless confusion and complexity rather than simple consistency. The root element of the document must be html. simply change disabled="" to: There are also downsides to some of these practices. small set of guidelines. XHTML family XML does not support attribute minimization. XML is a markup language where all documents must be marked up correctly (be "well-formed"). There are two ways of writing HTML: as SGML or as XML. In the example, Href and anchor tag A are not in lower case, so it is incorrect. can be found at https://www.w3.org/TR/. compliant with HTML 4. For completeness, the normative versions of the DTDs are included here: The file DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd is a normative part of this specification. Some have lucky shoes. xhtml had put out far the sgml style, and use open and close tag in front, so readability is made easy ( because of start and end of code areas too ). Weirdly I have saw more people closing self-closing tags (like and
), because Firefox highlights those as errors in `view-source:, than the opposite. The following example shows the difference You dont HAVE TO close an element in HTML but it helps to know where it ends (but people dont really understand the concept of elements in HTML). W3C (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. In order to ensure that XHTML 1.0 documents are well-structured XML documents, XHTML 1.0 documents MUST use the id attribute when defining fragment CDATA sections are recognized by the XML processor and appear as nodes in the Document Object Model, see Section 1.3 of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation [DOM]. The Cascading Style Sheets level 2 Recommendation [CSS2] defines style properties which are applied to the parse tree of the HTML or XML Use both the lang and xml:lang attributes when specifying the language of an element. Provide instructions to help users understand how to complete the form and use individual form controls. In order to be The Document Object Model level 1 Recommendation [DOM] defines document object model interfaces for XML and HTML 4. An alternative is to use external script and style documents. XHTML documents can be written to operate as well or better than they did before in existing HTML4-conforming user agents as well as in new, XHTML 1.0 conforming user agents. the character encoding of the document is other than the default UTF-8 or UTF-16 and no encoding was determined by a higher-level protocol. selector syntax even if the user agent does not read the DTD. 3.2.3Character references Character referencesare Having started my journey during the dark times of and as the method of laying out a website I appreciate the nostalgia of writing HTML like HTML. The autocomplete attribute h In XML, fragment identifiers are of type ID, and there can only be a single attribute of type ID per element. Some of the benefits of migrating to XHTML in general are: The following terms are used in this specification. it conforming to International Standard ISO 8879, and is widely regarded as the standard publishing language of the World Wide Here is a list of the minimized attributes in HTML and how they should be written in XHTML: The lang attribute applies to almost every XHTML element. It specifies the language of the content within an element. If you use the lang attribute in an element, you must also add the xml:lang attribute, like this: xhtml is the base for xml datas integration at first, its a layout for xml supports at birth, and all xml derivatives. Tutorials, references, and examples are constantly reviewed to avoid errors, but we cannot warrant full correctness of all content. File size isnt reduced by any meaningful amount. The XHTML family is designed with general user agent interoperability in mind. Both snippets are syntactically valid in html4 and html5. The first is not valid xhtml, because in xhtml an attribute value is required. On the ot HTML addressed the problem of SGML For example, when the href attribute of the a element refers to a CGI script that takes parameters, it must be expressed as ! It is intended to be used as a language for content that is both XML-conforming and, if some simple guidelines are Tooling is available, too: html-minifier is probably the most established and able to handle all HTML optimizations. http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&name=user rather than as http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&name=user. The complete set of DTD files together with an XML declaration and SGML Open Catalog is included in the zip file and the gzip'd tar file for this specification. You are very likely writing HTML, the XHTML way.

and

are different tags. other data formats (such as XML). Alternate ways of accessing the Internet are constantly being introduced. For example, dropping attribute quotes to save a few bytes will cause more issues than simply continuing to follow the XHTML spec, especially given attributes are often dynamically injected these days. To validate it properly requires having to know all possible elements and their optional rules, including browser specific extensions. As a result, < and & will be treated as the start of markup, and Note that the CSS2 recommendation does not lower-case version (i.e.

here is a paragraph.

here is another paragraph. a constraint required in your pages : the doctype, as you dont write it, your page goes quirk mode, its a great tool for all codes in your browser. A directory of Objective Type Questions covering all Developers who migrate their content to XHTML 1.0 will realize the following benefits: The XHTML family is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. We can just write the attribute required in the element without specifying its value as the HTML supports attribute minimization. In order to portably present documents with specific character encodings, the best approach is to ensure that the web server provides the correct headers. corresponding items attribute requirements or the location allowing mixing of attributes. If you use the lang attribute in an element, you must also add There is one important consideration, though, that you might want to be aware of. There are more like this imho. "text/html" [RFC2854], as they are compatible with most HTML browsers. Wrong. Likewise, using a slash for void elements just makes them more readable (in my opinion); even if the computer doesnt care about them, and theyre there just for us dumb humans. If the value of the element is less than this, the element fails validation. The benefits of migrating to XHTML 1.0 are described above. entity reference (e.g. Each and every XHTML tag should have an equivalent closing tag, even empty elements should also have closing tags. When you want to condense that link, HTML offers you the option to leave out certain quotes: As a rule of thumb, when the attribute value doesnt contain a space or an equal sign, its usually fine to drop the quotes. Therefore, style sheets should be able to continue using the shorthand "#" The autocomplete attribute has two possible values, on and off (case-insensitively), according to HTML5 LC. Although there is no requirement for XHTML 1.0 documents to be compatible with existing user agents, in practice this is easy to accomplish. Back in the day all-caps HTML seemed to be the standard and as I recall the argument was that it was more readable / easier to distinguish between HTML and Content. and . Note that the collection of legal values in XML 1.0 Section 2.3, production 5 is much larger than that permitted to be used in the ID and NAME types defined in HTML 4. Boolean Attributes, Yes they are completely valid. From W3C: (On SGML & HTML) Some attributes play the role of boolean variables (e.g., the selecte WebAttribute Inheritance and Minimization in OASIS Exchange Tables Arbortext Editorfollows a set path in determining the values for OASIS Exchange table attributes. This page was last modified on Feb 24, 2023 by MDN contributors. If a user agent encounters an attribute it does not recognize, it must ignore the entire attribute specification (i.e., the attribute and its value). & or ]]> or --. Therefore, the historical practice of "hiding" scripts contains all the descendant elements. :-), One note of English syntax, Documents may not be well-formed, is an ambiguous construction. The changes in this document reflect corrections applied as a result of comments submitted by the definition of each attribute in the reference manual indicates whether its value is case-insensitive. And both are valid with HTML5. For me this sort of attribute declaration feels less readable probably because Im being asked to parse it as Disabled is Disabled which just makes my eye twitch. The annotated contents of this file are available in this separate section for completeness. In the second case, image is, technically, a part of paragraph. Here is an example of using DOCTYPE . ( its permissive, not well formed , but quirk mode ). Attribute-value pairs must be written in full. tags and adding caused the website layout I was working on to break. Every single time. WebC. In a remarkably short space of time, HTML became wildly popular and rapidly outgrew its original purpose.

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