Each of those 23 pairs has one chromosome from the mother and one from the dad. In my opinion, there are two clear benefits that the analysis of DNA can bring to this particular party. Sex cells contain 23 single chromosomes, some of which came from the father and some from the mother. The reactions were performed in a 9700 Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems) using a temperature profile that consisted of an initial denaturation step of 10min at 95C followed by 50 cycles of 1min at 95C, 30sec at 55C, 1min at 68C and a final step of 10min at 68C. Because Jesus Christ was a normal human being, he should have had 46 chromosomes, of which 23 came from Mary and 23 were given miraculously by the Holy Spirit. To identify plant taxonomic entities and human genetic lineages, universal plant DNA sequences, including nuclear rDNA intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) barcodes and human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) target regions were amplified and sequenced. From an experimental point of view, it should be noted that some species were identified in biological replicates by using different specimens of the same filter as well as different filters but were also assessed by technical replicates according to amplicons from different genetic targets. In brief, DNA degradation becomes more effective only over long intervals, but is de facto unpredictable over shorter time spans such as those postulated for the DNA traces on the TS and when considering the numerous copies of extra-nuclear DNA molecules23,24,25,26. The Shroud of Turin Theory. Google Scholar. Male somatic cells have one X and one Y chromosome, but female somatic cells do not (XY). Ron Wyatt has only shared his findings with a small group of close friends. For the same reason, the Gospel authors asserted that Jesus was The Messiah (the savior) of the Jewish people, as had been prophesied for centuries, he was also, at least theoretically, the son of Joseph, whose ancestry was traced down to King David in both the Old and New Testaments. Karst., P. obovata Ledeb. and Eastern Asia, such as uncommon forms of pear (Pyrus kansuensis Rehder) and plum (Pyrus spinosa Forssk, syn. Laboratorio di Genomica, DAFNAE Universit di Padova, Via Universit 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universit di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie L. On a bright but bitterly cold January afternoon earlier this year, I found myself on a small island in the Black Sea, just off Sozopol on the east coast of Bulgaria. I highly advise you not to utilize Wyatts material, and if you have published anything on the internet, you should remove it and possibly issue an apology for putting out untrustworthy information. Spallanzani, Universit di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia, 27100, Italy, You can also search for this author in The quantitatively most abundant species found on TS dust is spruce: the vast majority of DNA sequences assigned to the genus Picea are likely attributable to the species Picea abies (L.) H. 3D imaging on Shroud (e.g. Ron Wyatt found the blood of the Lord which had flowed down from the cross and hit the MERCY SEAT of the Ark of the Covenant, . G.B. Acad. Sermons in Merced by Dr. John Oakes Mark II Kingdom Parables. What do you say sir? Gametes from the male can have either an X or a Y chromosome as a sex-determinant, whereas gametes from a female will only have the X chromosome as a sex . University of Oxford provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK. However, two papers have highlighted some concerns about this determination9,10 and a Medieval age does not appear to be compatible with the production technology of the linen nor with the chemistry of fibers obtained directly from the main part of the cloth in 19781,11. Christ gave his life as the ultimate atoning sacrifice for our sins as well as the sins of the entire world to atone for our sins. Jesus' blood type itself is indicative of His mission. These 23 pairs can be divided into autosomes and allosomes. Anything else wouldn't make sense when one considers that he was . The alignment files were saved as standard SAM files. Three days after Jesus death, the Lord God of Israel raised him from the dead and exalted him (made Him immortal). As we approach the holiday season, when a large portion of the worlds Christian population commemorates the birth of its central figure Jesus Christ, who is claimed to have been both man and God, and to have been born of a virgin, it should be interesting to consider the question: Who provided the other half? The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. With the exception of the Y chromosome, every typical set of human genes contains paired alleles from both the father and the mother. If these are excluded, four partially overlapping geographic regions are generally outlined by the remaining haplogroups: (i) the Middle East with haplogroups H13, H33 and R0a; (ii) Southeast Europe and Turkey with haplogroups H1a, H2a and H13; (iii) Western Europe, including France and Italy, with haplogroups H1j and H3; and (iv) India with haplogroups M56 and R8. Upon further analysis, the blood was found to contain twenty-three chromosomes from the mother (Mary)as is normalbut only one "Y" chromosome from the Father (God)which should have been impossible, as regular humans have 23 chromosomes from mother and 23 from the fathera total of 46! and G.G. An additional sample was collected in 1988, deriving specifically from the corner area (filter I) of TS, which was used for radiocarbon dating8,12 (for details, see Supplementary Figure S2, panels AC). A fruit fly, for example, has four pairs of chromosomes, while a rice plant has 12 and a dog, 39. In 1988, the age of the TS linen cloth was assessed by accelerator mass spectrometry. And they only had a small amount of material to work with, so its unlikely that well be able to use DNA to get to the bottom of who the bones belonged to. Jesus is who he claimed to be, according to forensic science. As a result, the mother contributes 23 chromosomes and the father contributes 23 chromosomes. In the essay, it was said that it was evidently not uncommon for ancient readers to enjoy concurrently two conflicting legends about the beginnings of a renowned person. In view of his subsequent heroic feats, the second theory, which is more appropriate, involves a miraculous conception and envisages him as a son of the gods. When you consider that even in this modern period, children have no idea that their parents must have sexual relations before they may have children, it is simple to comprehend how the ancients, especially those who lived throughout Biblical times, believed about how people are born and developed. ADS The best ancient samples are dug out of the ground, put into a bag, and then sent straight to an ancient DNA lab. Not only so, but at various other sites this man found Noah's ark, the towns of Sodom and Gomorrah , and numerous other items of Biblical importance. DNA should be used as an additional tool to archaeology. What purpose did the oracles against the nations in Amos, Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel serve other than consoling the Jews? Then, 100l absolute ethanol was added and the solution was mixed thoroughly by pulse-vortexing for 15sec and then incubated for 5min at room temperature. He continued to dig around and found another, smaller box about a metre away. According to legend, the shroud was secretly carried from Judea in A.D. 30 or 33, and was housed in Edessa, Turkey, and Constantinople (the name for Istanbul before the Ottomans took over) for . In particular, we used sterile materials and all standard procedures with internal negative controls to avoid, or eventually discover, contaminations from the operators and the environment. TS is the most important relic of Christianity because the Catholic tradition identifies this burial cloth as that in which the body of Jesus Christ was wrapped before being placed in a Palestine tomb approximately 2000 years ago. Google Scholar. The presence of an unusually large number of chromosomes in the body is the root cause of Down syndrome. The term alleles refers to genes that are found on chromosomes. That this is not a hypothesis, but rather a reality, was found only in 1888 and evolved into a rigorous science that, for the first time in the 10,000 years of civilized existence of mankind, explains in painful detail how living forms came to be. Humans, for instance, have 46 chromosomes in a typical body cell (somatic cell), while dogs have 78 ^1 1. He is a charlatan and a self-serving self-promoter, and Christians would do well to not use any of his material. The earliest historical records of the Shroud of Turin place it in Lirey, France during the 1350s. Mosess Y chromosome came from his father. For a church to be consecrated in this part of Europe in the fifth century, it needed to contain a relic from a holy saint or religious person. Unfortunately this man is a completely unreliable witness. You always get an X chromosome from your mother (that's all a woman can give to her eggs), but men can give their children either an X or a Y. To answer that, all you need is a little belief. All genomic DNA extractions were performed with the QIAampDNA Investigator commercial kit (Qiagen) by applying the protocol originally developed for laser-microdissected specimens, with some modifications. J. If not why not? I heard about discovery of Jesus blood on the ark of covenant by Ryan Watt. Christian Zionists claim that the modern state of Israel is a fulfillment of biblical prophecy. If Jesus is directly descended from Adam, it is because God was also the Father of Adam, and when He formed Adam from the dust of the earth, He would have had to create Adams complete, entirely human set of chromosomes just as He created Jesus chromosomesthrough miraculous genesis of DNAjust as He created Jesus chromosomes. There are 23 chromosomes from the mother and a "Y" chromosome from a father. Thermochimica Acta 425, 189194 (2005). If not why not? There are two possibilities: either Mary was impregnated miraculously and gave birth to Jesus as a result, or the event occurred in the traditional natural way and the story of the virgin birth was invented to make money. Overall, the various plant species and numerous taxonomic families identified on TS (Supplementary Table S1) suggest that contamination may have occurred during the past centuries and are compatible with the scenario that the linen cloth was exposed to different locations across the Mediterranean area. This family tree illustrates the reason mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes are useful for tracing ancestry. Kress, W. J., Wurdack, K. J., Zimmer, E. A., Weigt, L. A. Andrews, R. M. et al. This theory is based on the research of the Shroud of Turin. Comput. A preacher at the Bethel United Pentecostal Church, Tad Lindley is a member of the United Pentecostal Church of Christ. Nature 337, 611615 (1989). (See also Luke 1:35) Then, later, God made the Y one and the other 22, which would have been the outcome of the human fathers actions. We can also confidently predict from Daniel 9:24 that the Blood of Jesus Christ will be found on the Mercy Seat . Sheep are members of the Genus Ovis, and they are chromosome-positive. That is the subject of an article by Andrew Lincoln titled How babies were created in Jesus Time that appeared in the November-December 2014 issue of my favorite magazine, The New Yorker. Christ received 23 from His mother and one from His father, which was a Y, indicating that He was born as a male. Fanti, G. Hypotheses regarding the formation of the body image on the Turin Shroud. Single libraries were tagged with univocal MIDs (Supplementary Table S6). 2, together with a schematic overview of their current geographic distributions. This excerpt from an interview from the documentary film Revealing Gods Treasure (1998) features Ron Wyatt debunking the Israeli Department of Antiquities false claims about the discovery of both Jesus blood and the Ark of the Covenant. This finding not only indicates that many individuals have left traces of their DNA on the TS, but also that they most likely belonged to different ethnic groups and were from far away geographic regions, including Europe, North and East Africa, the Middle East and India. I was interested in what DNA analysis could tell us about these bones, and other ones. All rights reserved. Romans Class for the West Coast School of Ministry. It is a rare and special blood type. The identity of Jesus biological father has been revealed via scientific discovery. Among the 93mtDNA amplicons generated and sequenced, a large number of different human sequences corresponding to three distinct mtDNA loci (MT-DLOOP, MT-CO1, MT-ND5) were identified. Schematic overview of the Vavilov centers of origin of plant taxa identified in TS samples. When Jesus raised someone, did he call them back from heaven? Whats more, if parthenogenesis had been possible in Mary, the progeny would have been female rather than male, because the procedure would have created two X chromosomes, which are only found in females. It is determined by the number of chromosomes that the Holy Spirit has. He concluded they found Jesus blood .when they tested this blood the results were that Jesus blood is still alive today, and it has 24 chromosomes: 23 from his mother and 1 from the Holy Spirit which proves the virgin birth. A 240,000 base portion of Mr. Perry's Y-chromosome was compared to the database that has been accumulating in recent years and found to reflect a rare lineage. It is the opinion of Jacobovici and Pellegrino that the Aramaic inscriptions reading Judah, son of Jesus, Jesus, son of Joseph, and Mariamne, a name they believe to be that of Mary Magdalene, collectively preserve the record of a family group that included Jesus, his wife Mary Magdalene, and son Judah. Based on the overall data, we may assume that TS was likely displayed in, or in very close contact with, different types of natural and anthropological environments. He got it not from an earthly Father, or He would have had 46 like the rest of us." According to his account, Ron Wyatt had the Blood analysed in a laboratory in Tel Aviv. Mary, to be sure, but who contributed the other half? ); although the centers of origin of these species are located in central Asia and Eastern Europe, their current areas of distribution are extremely broad (Fig. Royal Society B 272, 316 (2005). Where did Jesus acquire his Y chromosome? is a question that plagues many peoples minds. Are there any natural mechanisms that might account for this occurrence? Question:I heard about Ryan Watts finding of Jesus blood on the ark of the covenant, and Id like to know more. Why is this claim not reliable? Even in the latter case (i.e., Jerusalem in Israel until approximately 500 A.D., anliurfa in Turkey until 944, Constantinople in Turkey until 1204, Lirey and Chambery in France from 1353 until 1578, Turin in Italy to date)3, the detection of mtDNA haplogroups that are typically from India is somehow unexpected. Sequence clusters with a length greater than 200bp were aligned to the H. sapiens mitochondrial genome (gb|NC_012920.1) using the program bwa28 with default parameters. bones inside the hand and flesh surrounding . This is something he has done several times. The Bible informs us that Jesus Christ was born to his mother Mary as a virgin 2,000 years ago, and that he was the son of God. True believers do not require proof; nonetheless, in the absence of scientific evidence, it should be evident to nonbelievers that Jesus Christ is the genetic son of the God of Abraham, regardless of their religious beliefs. Godzik, W. & Li, A. Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences. The frequency of each haplogroup was estimated by the number of sequences contained in each cluster assigned to that specific haplogroup. In 1981 RON WYATT An American archaeologist located what he believes to be the crucification site of Jesus, he found a square depression in the surface material into which a cross could have been placed, along with an adjoining crevice, Ron said the blood ran through that crevice to the mercy seat of the ark of covenant that was hidden in a cave A critical compendium. The X chromosome and the Y chromosome are the ones that determine ones gender. Revue critique. To their amazement, the white blood cells were alive. In fact, optical microscope observations of filters E-I had previously revealed the presence of pollen grains, cell debris and other minuscule organic specimens, such as plant-derived fibers and blood-like clots6,7,13. Karst., a forest tree that typically occupies highland areas of the Carpathians and Alps. If they each provide an X, the child will be female; if they each contribute a Y, the child will be masculine. Natl. A French knight named Geoffroi de Charny. had been pondering concerning Jesus' blood that flowed from him when the Roman soldier pierced his side. One of the 23 chromosomes, which comes in two varieties: X for females and Y for males, is responsible for determining gender. In humans, 23 such chromosomes occur in pairs and thus totalling 46 chromosomes. Amplification reactions were performed in a total volume of 20l including 2l of 10X reaction buffer, 1.5mM MgCl2, 300M dNTPs, 1.5U of BIOTaq DNA polymerase (BIOLINE), 0.2M of M13For (5-GTAAAACGACGGCCAG-3) and M13Rev (5-CAGGAAACAGCTATGAC-3) primers. Radio carbon dating of the Shroud of Turin. Hurle is a research fellow at the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14484. Most youngsters simply assume that love between their parents is responsible for the birth of their children in the same manner that the Holy Spirit merely lingered over Mary to bring about the birth of Jesus. and P. omorika Purk.) Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. A total of 2 to 12 square portioned specimens of the pieces of adhesive tape were used for independent genomic DNA extractions; the DNA samples from the individual specimens were kept separate for PCR amplifications. In brief, mtDNA data indicate that numerous individuals have left traces of DNA on the TS. A possible explanation is because in mammals, chromosomes from male and female chromosomes are marked or imprinted in a different way than those from female chromosomes. However, if one excludes religious belief in the Bible, the question remains unsolved. A team of research scientists in Tel Aviv did a genetic analysis from a blood sample widely believed to have belonged to Jesus, concluding that Jesus biological father was non-human. & Rogers, R. N. Physics and chemistry of the Shroud of Turin, a summary of the 1978 investigation. Where do we go when we die? Riani, M., Atkinson, A. C., Fanti, G. & Crosilla, F. Regression analysis with partially labelled regressors: carbon dating of the Shroud of Turin. The blood imprints precede the formation of the image. A DNA investigation of Jesus dried blood reveals that his Father is not human, according to the results of the study. 1. It is worth mentioning that among all generated and sequenced cpDNA and mtDNA amplicons (~200 overall), only a few non-plant and non-human sequences were detected (Supplementary Table S1). Uncovering the sources of DNA found on the Turin Shroud. he only had a female set of chromosomes in his blood, since Jesus had no human father. Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal diversity in ancient populations of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in Finland: comparison with contemporary sheep breeds. In past decades, pollen grains were classified to the genus and species levels using microscopy14,15,16 and the geographic areas where the corresponding plants originated and now inhabit proved to be compatible with the reported historic path followed by TS during the postulated 2000-year journey from the Near East3, thus supporting the authenticity of the relic.
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